UPSC MAP

Map of Major Hydroelectric Projects of India

#Places_in_News

▪️Syria

Located in west Asia.

Opens out  to Meditarraenean Sea in the west. [ So, Not a LandLocked Country ]

Bordered by Turkey, Iraq, Israel, Jordan and Lebanon.

[ Remember as Syria - TIIJIL ]

Twelve Jyotirlingas and their Locations
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Wetlands in News

Important for Prelims 2025
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Indian Major Folk Dances

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Yamuna River Map

🔆Sahara Desert

✅The Sahara Desert is undergoing a rare transformation as heavy rainfall brings unexpected greenery to its arid landscape.

📍Sahara Desert:
✅The Sahara, located in Northern Africa, is the world's largest hot desertand the third most extensive desert after the polar deserts of Antarctica and the northern Arctic.
✅It spans over 9,200,000 sq. km (8% of the earth’s land area).
✅The Sahara Desert encompasses a major portion of North Africa, occupying about 31% of the entire African continent.
✅The countries within the Sahara Desert are Morocco, Mali, Mauritania, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Chad, the Niger Republic, some parts of Sudan, a small portion of Nigeria, and a small part of Burkina Faso.
✅The desert is bounded by the Mediterranean Seaand the Atlas Mountains on the northern side; the Red Sea on the eastern side; the Atlantic Ocean on the western side and the semiarid Sahel region on the southern side.
✅The highest peak in the Sahara is Emi Koussi (3,415m), a volcano located in the Tibesti Mountains, Chad.
✅The Sahel region serves as a transition zone between the hot desert in the north and the humid savannas of Sub-Saharan Africain the south.

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#prelims

✅ Major Lakes In India 🇮🇳

1. Freshwater Lakes

Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) – Largest freshwater lake in India

Dal Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) – Famous for houseboats and tourism

Loktak Lake (Manipur) – Known for Phumdis (floating vegetation) and Keibul Lamjao National Park (home to Sangai deer)

Nainital Lake (Uttarakhand) – A natural freshwater lake in the Kumaon region

Bhimtal Lake (Uttarakhand) – Largest lake in the Kumaon region

Barapani Lake / Umiam Lake (Meghalaya) – A popular artificial lake near Shillong

2. Saltwater / Brackish Water Lakes

Chilika Lake (Odisha) – Largest coastal lagoon in India; famous for migratory birds

Pulicat Lake (Andhra Pradesh-Tamil Nadu) – Second-largest brackish water lagoon in India

Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan) – Largest inland saltwater lake in India; important for salt production

3. Artificial / Man-Made Lakes

Gobind Sagar Lake (Himachal Pradesh) – Formed by Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej River

Rana Pratap Sagar Lake (Rajasthan) – Formed by a dam on the Chambal River

Hussain Sagar Lake (Telangana) – Built by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, connects Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Dhebar Lake / Jaisamand Lake (Rajasthan) – Asia’s second-largest artificial lake

4. Crater and Tectonic Lakes

Lonar Lake (Maharashtra) – Formed due to a meteorite impact

Tso Moriri (Ladakh) – A high-altitude lake formed by tectonic activity

5. High-Altitude Lakes

Pangong Lake (Ladakh) – Partly in India and partly in China

Tso Kar (Ladakh) – A salt lake in the Changthang region

6. Important Wetlands (Ramsar Sites)

Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh) – Important for migratory birds

Vembanad Lake (Kerala) – Largest lake in Kerala, famous for the Nehru Trophy Boat Race

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Top Telegram Channel for UPSC – Share with Every Aspirant!

1. ALL NCERT BOOK PDF
https://t.me/NCERTbooks99

2. UPSC MONTHLY MAGAZINES
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3. UPSC TOPPERS NOTES
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4. UPSC TOPPERS MOCK TEST COPY
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4. UPSC NOTES
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5. STUDY IAS ACADEMY
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6. Daily free newspaper
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7. PSIR OPTIONAL NOTES
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8. TRICKS AND MNEMONIC
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9. UPSC Map
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10. UPSC STANDARD BOOKS
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UPSC MAP pinned a photo

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✅️Godavari River System
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The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line that passes through eight states in India: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram. 

Key facts
•The Tropic of Cancer is a parallel of latitude that runs 23.5 degrees north of the equator. 

•The Mahi River is the only river in India that crosses the Tropic of Cancer twice. 

•The capital of Jharkhand, Ranchi, is the only state capital in India that is located on the Tropic of Cancer. 

•Udaipur in Tripura is the closest city to the Tropic of Cancer. 

•The Tropic of Cancer passes through 17 nations. 

States where the Tropic of Cancer passes through 

•Gujarat: Jasdan
•Rajasthan: Kalinjarh
•Madhya Pradesh: Shajapur
•Chhattisgarh: Sonhat
•Jharkhand: Lohardaga
•West Bengal: Krishnanagar
•Tripura: Udaipur
•Mizoram: Champhai
When the sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer
The summer solstice is on June 21, and the sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer. This is why summers in India are very hot.

⚡️ Updated List of Ramsar Sites ⚡️

▶️Newly Added Ramsar Sites

✅ Sakkarakottai BS (TN)
✅ Therthangal BS (TN)
✅ Khecheopalri (Sikkim)
✅ Udhwa Lake (Jharkhand)

Important Lakes

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North Sea is bounded by the coastlines:

Trick: " GuN SEND to BSF "

G - Germany
Nv- Netherland
Sc- Sweden
Ec- England
N - Norway
D - Denmark
B - Belgium
S - Scotland
F - France..

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Kurdistan Region: Key Facts

📍 Country: Iraq (Semi-Autonomous)
🏛 Capital: Erbil
📌 Governorates: Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk, Halabja
🏛 Political Structure: Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) operates autonomously, but its authority is contested by Iraq’s central government.

🌍 Borders:
🇹🇷 Turkey | 🇮🇷 Iran | 🇸🇾 Syria | 🇮🇶 Baghdad-controlled Iraq

🏔 Geographical Features:
🗻 Mountains: Zagros Mountains form natural borders with Iran & Turkey.
🌊 Rivers: Tigris & Greater Zab support agriculture & settlements.
🌡 Climate: Continental—hot summers, cold winters, shaped by mountainous terrain.

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